Twin River Energy Center - Where will we get the water?
Scott Houldin
Submitted By Scott Houldin
Twin River Project Manager
Understandably, people are very interested to know where we will draw
the water for the Twin River Energy Center co-production process. In fact,
it's the question we get most often over all others. Like all energy
facilities, Twin River will require a significant amount of water for
cooling and process needs. We will generate electricity with a turbine
that recycles steam by condensing the steam to water. Cooling water in the
form of "make-up" water is required for this process.
As we've stated in several public meetings, several water source options
or combination of sources are possible and need to be fully evaluated.
This will take a very detailed and lengthy feasibility study to finalize
the selection and best sources. However, we think it's important to give
residents more detailed information to alleviate concerns about any use of
ground water or large-scale environmental impacts.
Twin River selected the cooling water system design that has the
smallest footprint. We will use a well proven closed loop system with
evaporative cooling towers. This type of cooling system is well proven and
has been the most common selection for almost all thermal power generation
facilities of all types and sizes for the past 20 years. In fact, this
design has been selected for all the new natural gas combined cycle plants
in Maine and NH. This popularity is due three basic reasons:
Compared to "once through" cooling systems used for the
previous generation of power plants in most of the U.S. including Maine
Yankee and Mason Station, very little water is required to be withdrawn
and no return discharge is required.
If a new plant is to draw from a river, the plants need to be near
but no longer right on top of the banks of a river or harbor which allows
for other site layout features to take precedent including buffer zones to
reduce visual, noise and light impacts.
Water intake screens are only a fraction of the size of the old
systems so intake location and design is more flexible. Less water use
allows the smaller screens to easily meet the latest EPA intake design
criteria.
The closed-loop system requires water to "make-up" for the water lost
to cooling evaporation. This loss and make-up can be 90 to 95% of the
total water needed of the project.
The total water use requirement for the Twin River design is
approximately 8.5 million gallons per day (MGD).
The Twin River site is surrounded by abundant surface water
sources. Most of the water supply adjacent to the site is brackish (salty)
which ideally should be diluted by use of available fresh water supply to
reduce treatment and membrane replacement costs. Nearby freshwater sources
are being investigated to determine the most economical tradeoff between
increased freshwater dilution and operating costs.
NO GROUND WATER will be used because of the lack of any substantial
aquifer near the site and concerns about salt water ingress into off-site
wells.
Use of the Wiscasset Water District for cooling operations is also
not
a viable option because of limited capacity and possible conflicts with
long-term community growth plans. However, for the Twin River potable
water use, the Wiscasset Water District is preferred and viable as the
water consumption is comparable to approximately 60 residences.
So, what are the options?
Use of 100% brackish water is a proven option and is used for
the primary supply of cooling tower make-up at the 540 MW Con Ed combined
cycle plant on the Piscataqua River in Newington, N.H.
Use of 100% fresh water from surface water sources is also an
option but would require sources outside the immediate area and Town of
Wiscasset.
Use of gray water (fully treated municipal waste water) is a viable
option and may fit well with the Maine DEP, if its use displaces the
demand on regional drinking water supply. The City of Bath has a
significant supply of unused gray water and will be formally contacted as
part of the effort to locate the best supply option. The Wiscasset gray
water supply is available and should also be considered in the overall
water supply evaluation.
Detailed engineering is required to identify
best sources.
The information outlined in the general summary above confirms that
there are multiple options available. However, a far more rigorous
engineering evaluation is required to determine the exact options to be
used to be the most cost effective and environmentally responsible system
design (brackish, fresh, gray or blended supply). Following this
identification, further study is required to do a community acceptance
assessment, environmental impact assessment and a comparative cost
analysis of the supply, location and delivery options.
Hopefully, you can understand why the level of engineering analysis and
negotiations required makes it too premature at this time to say exactly
where, in what form, and in what combination we will attain the water.
However, we have outlined above that plentiful options exist. We are
evaluating and hopefully laid to rest any concerns about well water. As
our analysis of the water supply continues and agreements reached, we will
keep the municipalities and the general public informed and post our
findings in the company's Web site (
www.twinriver energy.com
).
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